Understanding Institutions

The Production Cycle of Films

Film is recorded using film...

 A standard Hollywood movie uses about five 2000-foot reels - without outtakes and/or retakes.
£600 per 1000-foot reel.
£1200 per 2000-foot reel.
£6000 in total just for film stock for A FINISHED FILM


This is a typical cinema projector.




How many film reels do you think a movie like The Avengers would have to create (print) so that the movie can be shown everywhere in the world?






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Media Conglomerates.(Media Ownership)


Massive multinational media companies who own:

•Film Studios

•TV Stations

•Record Labels

•Magazines

•Newspapers

•Books

•Internet platforms

A conglomerate has a lot of money to put into film production. They can also market their film through all of their subsidiary companies. 

This practice is known as SYNERGY.

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Independent Companies

•Some producers work outside of the major studies. Often British productions are made by smaller companies like Warp Films, working with Film 4 or the BBC to try to secure extra funding and help with distribution. Often films made this way struggle to get more than £1 or £2 million budgets and consider a success to break even, with DVD after-sales included.

•US independent film maker Orin Peli made ‘Paranormal Activity’ for just $15,000. But he needed Paramount, a US major studio to distribute his film. In doing so he made over $190 milllion. This shows there are exceptions to the rule that big budge films always do best...

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Synergy & Cross Media Convergence


An example of this:

•Vivendi Universal make a film in Universal Studios.

•It releases the film’s soundtrack on Polygram, one of its record labels.

•The tracks can be bought online at MP3.com, one of its internet companies.

•The film can be downloaded on Vivendi Telecom phones.

•The film is then shown in its Odeon cinema chain.

•Owning all of these assets makes it cheaper for the producer to make, distribute, market and exhibit the film, thus maximising profit, enabling the studio to keep making big budget films. 

•A win-win scenario for Hollywood Studios...

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Film & New Media Technology

HOME CINEMA? 

FILMS ON THE MOVE?

OR IMAX 3D?

Which one do you prefer?

Advances in new media technology have made it possible for anyone to make films and showcase them on the internet on sites like YouTube.

We can now also watch films on phones, games consoles, digital TV on demand.

We can also see state of the art SFX on giant screens in 3D.

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